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331.160 --- 333.101 --- 333.111.0 --- JP / Japan - Japon --- Finance --- -Financial institutions --- -Banks and banking --- -Capital market --- -Money market --- -332.0952 --- Money markets --- Financial institutions --- Money --- Capital markets --- Market, Capital --- Loans --- Money market --- Securities --- Crowding out (Economics) --- Efficient market theory --- Agricultural banks --- Banking --- Banking industry --- Commercial banks --- Depository institutions --- Financial intermediaries --- Lending institutions --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Funding --- Funds --- Economics --- Currency question --- Financiële geschiedenis: algemeenheden. --- Banksysteem en bankstelsel. --- Algemeenheden. Theoretische en beschrijvende studies. Centrale banken. --- History --- -Deregulation --- -Japan --- Japan --- Economic conditions --- -Economic conditions --- -Economic policy --- -331.160 --- Capital market --- 332.0952 --- Deregulation --- Financiële geschiedenis: algemeenheden --- Banksysteem en bankstelsel --- Algemeenheden. Theoretische en beschrijvende studies. Centrale banken --- Economic policy --- Banks and banking

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Financial institutions --- #ECO:02.02:financiële sector bank --- 333.101 --- 333.600 --- 338.340 --- AFR / Africa - Afrika - Afrique --- CO / Colombia - Colombie --- IN / India - Inde --- PK / Pakistan --- RU / Russia - Rusland - Russie --- 336.7 <1-773> --- 336.7 <1-773> Geldwezen. Kredietwezen. Bankwezen. Financien. Monetaire econonomie. Beurswezen--Gebieden in ontwikkeling. Ontwikkelingslanden --- Geldwezen. Kredietwezen. Bankwezen. Financien. Monetaire econonomie. Beurswezen--Gebieden in ontwikkeling. Ontwikkelingslanden --- Banksysteem en bankstelsel --- Financiële markten. Kapitaalmarkten (algemeenheden) --- Algemene ontwikkeling in de Derde Wereld --- IFC. --- International finance corporation --- Internationale financieringsmaatschappij --- International finance --- Developing countries

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Following a serious deterioration of the competitive position of the WAEMU region in the 1980s and the eary 1990s, the countries took steps that have led to a significant turnaround in economic activity, a drop in inflation, and increases in output, exports and investment. This study describes policy issues that the region continues to face and suggests how the WAEMU countries can address them.

International economic relations --- West Africa --- Monetary policy --- Union economique et monetaire Ouest africaine --- -339.73 <6> --- Afrika --- economisch beleid --- monetair beleid --- monetaire unie --- afrika --- AFR / Africa - Afrika - Afrique --- 333.101 --- 331.30 --- 382.30 --- 333.431 --- 333.846.0 --- 330.05 --- 332.45660966 --- Monetary management --- Economic policy --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- Organisatie van internationaal betalingsverkeer. Bretton woods.--Afrika --- union monetaire --- politique monetaire --- politique economique --- afrique --- Banksysteem en bankstelsel. --- Economische toestand. --- Handels- en wisselpolitiek in hun verband met de buitenlandse handel: algemeenheden. --- Monetaire Unies. --- Verband tussen het monetair, bank- en kredietbeleid en de economische ontwikkeling: algemeenheden. --- Union économique et monétaire Ouest africaine. --- UEMOA --- West African Economic and Monetary Union --- WAEMU --- Union monétaire ouest africaine --- Working papers --- 339.73 <6> Organisatie van internationaal betalingsverkeer. Bretton woods.--Afrika --- 339.73 <6> --- Economische toestand --- Banksysteem en bankstelsel --- Monetaire Unies --- Verband tussen het monetair, bank- en kredietbeleid en de economische ontwikkeling: algemeenheden --- Handels- en wisselpolitiek in hun verband met de buitenlandse handel: algemeenheden --- Union économique et monétaire Ouest africaine. --- IYEMOWA --- Monetary policy - Africa, French-speaking West --- Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Public Finance --- Taxation --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- Trade: General --- Banking --- Public finance & taxation --- International economics --- Monetary economics --- Macroeconomics --- Tariffs --- Bank credit --- Commercial banks --- Revenue administration --- Taxes --- Financial institutions --- Money --- Monetary expansion --- Banks and banking --- Tariff --- Credit --- Revenue --- National income --- Burkina Faso

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Are the three Baltic countries, Latvia, Estonia, and Lithuania, ready for accession to the European Union? Have their economies overcome the problems of transition? The answers to these questions and their implications for policy are provided in this collection of analyses. Rather than a country-by-country description, the volume provides a cross-country perspective of developments from 1994 through mid-1997. The seven sections of this paper discuss recent macroeconomic and structural policies, exchange rate regimes, fiscal issues, financial systems, private sector development, and accession to the European Union.

Economic policy and planning (general) --- European Union --- Baltic Area --- Baltic States --- Economic conditions --- Economic policy --- Fiscal policy --- -Monetary policy --- -Structural adjustment (Economic policy) --- Economic stabilization --- -Foreign exchange --- -338 <474> --- banken --- economische situatie --- fiscaliteit --- monetair beleid --- Oost-Europa --- cooperation economique --- developpement economique --- pays balkaniques --- union europeenne --- EE / Estonia - Estland - Estonie --- LT / Lithuania - Litouwen - Lituanie --- LV / Latvia - Letland - Lettonie --- 333.101 --- 334.153.0 --- 331.30 --- 305.2 --- 336.401 --- 333.451.6 --- 330.05 --- 330.9479 --- Cambistry --- Currency exchange --- Exchange, Foreign --- Foreign currency --- Foreign exchange problem --- Foreign money --- Forex --- FX (Finance) --- International exchange --- International finance --- Currency crises --- Adjustment, Economic --- Business stabilization --- Economic adjustment --- Stabilization, Economic --- Monetary management --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Finance, Public --- Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--Baltische Republieken --- economische samenwerking --- economische ontwikkeling --- balkanlanden --- europese unie --- Banksysteem en bankstelsel. --- Betrekkingen tussen de Europese Gemeenschappen en de geassocieerde of derde landen: algemeenheden. --- Economische toestand. --- Statistieken van de conjunctuur. --- Verband tussen begrotingspolitiek en economische evolutie. --- Vlottende wisselkoersen. Crawling peg. --- Government policy --- -Baltic States --- -Baltic Republics --- Baltics (States) --- Working papers --- -Economic conditions --- 338 <474> Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--Baltische Republieken --- 338 <474> --- Statistieken van de conjunctuur --- Economische toestand --- Banksysteem en bankstelsel --- Vlottende wisselkoersen. Crawling peg --- Betrekkingen tussen de Europese Gemeenschappen en de geassocieerde of derde landen: algemeenheden --- Verband tussen begrotingspolitiek en economische evolutie --- Baltic Republics --- Economic conditions. --- Economic policy. --- Baltic States - Economic conditions --- Baltic States - Economic policy --- Banks and Banking --- Budgeting --- Foreign Exchange --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Comparison of Public and Private Enterprises and Nonprofit Institutions --- Privatization --- Contracting Out --- National Budget --- Budget Systems --- Banking --- Public finance & taxation --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Finance --- Expenditure --- Budget planning and preparation --- Commercial banks --- Financial institutions --- Economic sectors --- Exchange rate arrangements --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Banks and banking --- Expenditures, Public --- Pensions --- Lithuania, Republic of

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Since 1991, the 15 countries under review - have to varying degrees, been pursuing reforms whose broad objectives have been to achieve market-based determination of interest rates and exchange rates, manage banking system liquidity through market operations with indirect instruments, and provide the institutional underpinnings for the design and implementation of macroeconomic stabilization and structural reform programs supported by the IMF. This study reviews the experience under these programs and the economic developments in the countries that undertook them.

Baltic Area --- Russian Federation --- 336.71 <474> --- 336.71 <470> --- banken --- banque centrale --- politique monetaire --- baltische staten --- monetair beleid --- Oost-Europa --- Rusland --- SU / Soviet Union - Ussr - Urss --- EE / Estonia - Estland - Estonie --- LT / Lithuania - Litouwen - Lituanie --- LV / Latvia - Letland - Lettonie --- 333.111.7 --- 333.111.30 --- 333.111.8 --- Bankwezen--Baltische Republieken --- Bankwezen--?<470> --- centrale bank --- etats baltes --- Betrekkingen van de centrale banken met de kredietinstellingen. --- Verrichtingen: algemeen. --- betrekkingen van de centrale banken onder elkaar, met buitenlandse banken en internationale instellingen. Gekruiste kredieten met niet verblijvende instellingen. --- Working papers --- 336.71 <470> Bankwezen--?<470> --- 336.71 <474> Bankwezen--Baltische Republieken --- Russia --- Banks and banking, Central --- 333.101 --- 333.17 --- Banker's banks --- Banks, Central --- Central banking --- Central banks --- Banks and banking --- Banksysteem en bankstelsel --- Verrichtingen: algemeen --- Betrekkingen van de centrale banken met de kredietinstellingen --- betrekkingen van de centrale banken onder elkaar, met buitenlandse banken en internationale instellingen. Gekruiste kredieten met niet verblijvende instellingen --- Crises, saneringen en hervormingen van het bankwezen --- Private finance --- Banks and banking, Central - Former Soviet republics. --- Accounting --- Banks and Banking --- Finance: General --- Foreign Exchange --- Investments: General --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Public Finance --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Public Administration --- Public Sector Accounting and Audits --- Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- International Financial Markets --- Banking --- Finance --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Investment & securities --- Public finance accounting --- Monetary economics --- Financial services law & regulation --- Commercial banks --- Treasury bills and bonds --- Bank deposits --- Financial institutions --- Credit --- Money --- Currencies --- Payment systems --- Financial markets --- Currency markets --- Bank supervision --- Financial regulation and supervision --- Bank resolution --- Financial crises --- Government securities --- Finance, Public --- Clearinghouses --- Foreign exchange market --- State supervision --- Kyrgyz Republic